BERT (language model) Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers ( BERT) is a family of language models introduced in 2018 by researchers at Google. [1] [2] A 2020 literature survey concluded that "in a little over a year, BERT has become a ubiquitous baseline in Natural Language Processing (NLP) experiments counting over 150 ...A transformer is a deep learning architecture that relies on the parallel multi-head attention mechanism. [1] The modern transformer was proposed in the 2017 paper titled 'Attention Is All You Need' by Ashish Vaswani et al., Google Brain team. ing [8] have been widely used for deep neural networks in the computer vision field. It has also been used to accelerate Transformer-based DNNs due to the enormous parameters or model size of the Transformer. With weight pruning, the size of the Transformer can be significantly reduced without much prediction accuracy degradation [9 ...Aug 16, 2021 · This mechanism has replaced the convolutional neural network used in the case of AlphaFold 1. DALL.E & CLIP. In January this year, OpenAI released a Transformer based text-to-image engine called DALL.E, which is essentially a visual idea generator. With the text prompt as an input, it generates images to match the prompt. Oct 11, 2022 · With the development of self-attention, the RNN cells can be discarded entirely. Bundles of self-attention called multi-head attention along with feed-forward neural networks form the transformer, building state-of-the-art NLP models such as GPT-3, BERT, and many more to tackle many NLP tasks with excellent performance. We highlight a relatively new group of neural networks known as Transformers (Vaswani et al., 2017) and explain why these models are suitable for construct-specific AIG and subsequently propose a method for fine-tuning such models to this task. Finally, we provide evidence for the validity of this method by comparing human- and machine-authored ...This paper presents the first-ever transformer-based neural machine translation model for the Kurdish language by utilizing vocabulary dictionary units that share vocabulary across the dataset.GPT-3. Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 ( GPT-3) is a large language model released by OpenAI in 2020. Like its predecessor GPT-2, it is a decoder-only transformer model of deep neural network, which uses attention in place of previous recurrence- and convolution-based architectures. [2]Jan 15, 2023 · This paper presents the first-ever transformer-based neural machine translation model for the Kurdish language by utilizing vocabulary dictionary units that share vocabulary across the dataset. In this study, we propose a novel neural network model (DCoT) with depthwise convolution and Transformer encoders for EEG-based emotion recognition by exploring the dependence of emotion recognition on each EEG channel and visualizing the captured features. Then we conduct subject-dependent and subject-independent experiments on a benchmark ...Transformer Neural Networks Described Transformers are a type of machine learning model that specializes in processing and interpreting sequential data, making them optimal for natural language processing tasks. To better understand what a machine learning transformer is, and how they operate, let’s take a closer look at transformer models and the mechanisms that drive them. This […]Transformers are a type of neural network architecture that have several properties that make them effective for modeling data with long-range dependencies. They generally feature a combination of multi-headed attention mechanisms, residual connections, layer normalization, feedforward connections, and positional embeddings.Jul 8, 2021 · Once I began getting better at this Deep Learning thing, I stumbled upon the all-glorious transformer. The original paper: “Attention is all you need”, proposed an innovative way to construct neural networks. No more convolutions! The paper proposes an encoder-decoder neural network made up of repeated encoder and decoder blocks. Apr 17, 2021 · Deep learning is also a promising approach towards the detection and classification of fake news. Kaliyar et al. proved the superiority of using deep neural networks as opposed to traditional machine learning algorithms in the detection. The use of deep diffusive neural networks for the same task has been demonstrated in Zhang et al. . Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation is a fundamental task in the prognostic and health management (PHM) of industrial equipment and systems. To this end, we propose a novel approach for RUL estimation in this paper, based on deep neural architecture due to its great success in sequence learning. Specifically, we take the Transformer encoder as the backbone of our model to capture short- and ...Jan 15, 2023 · This paper presents the first-ever transformer-based neural machine translation model for the Kurdish language by utilizing vocabulary dictionary units that share vocabulary across the dataset. Jul 8, 2021 · Once I began getting better at this Deep Learning thing, I stumbled upon the all-glorious transformer. The original paper: “Attention is all you need”, proposed an innovative way to construct neural networks. No more convolutions! The paper proposes an encoder-decoder neural network made up of repeated encoder and decoder blocks. With the development of self-attention, the RNN cells can be discarded entirely. Bundles of self-attention called multi-head attention along with feed-forward neural networks form the transformer, building state-of-the-art NLP models such as GPT-3, BERT, and many more to tackle many NLP tasks with excellent performance.Bahrammirzaee (2010) demonstrated the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and expert systems to financial markets. Zhang and Zhou (2004) reviewed the current popular techniques for text data mining related to the stock market, mainly including genetic algorithms (GAs), rule-based systems, and neural networks (NNs). Meanwhile, a ...A Context-Integrated Transformer-Based Neural Network for Auction Design. One of the central problems in auction design is developing an incentive-compatible mechanism that maximizes the auctioneer's expected revenue. While theoretical approaches have encountered bottlenecks in multi-item auctions, recently, there has been much progress on ...A hybrid deep network based on the convolutional neural network and long-term short-term memory network is proposed to extract and learn the spatial and temporal features of the MI signal ...Background We developed transformer-based deep learning models based on natural language processing for early risk assessment of Alzheimer’s disease from the picture description test. Methods The lack of large datasets poses the most important limitation for using complex models that do not require feature engineering. Transformer-based pre-trained deep language models have recently made a ...Transformer Neural Networks Described Transformers are a type of machine learning model that specializes in processing and interpreting sequential data, making them optimal for natural language processing tasks. To better understand what a machine learning transformer is, and how they operate, let’s take a closer look at transformer models and the mechanisms that drive them. This […]Before the introduction of the Transformer model, the use of attention for neural machine translation was implemented by RNN-based encoder-decoder architectures. The Transformer model revolutionized the implementation of attention by dispensing with recurrence and convolutions and, alternatively, relying solely on a self-attention mechanism. We will first focus on the Transformer attention ...Jan 14, 2021 · To fully use the bilingual associative knowledge learned from the bilingual parallel corpus through the Transformer model, we propose a Transformer-based unified neural network for quality estimation (TUNQE) model, which is a combination of the bottleneck layer of the Transformer model with a bidirectional long short-term memory network (Bi ... Aug 16, 2021 · This mechanism has replaced the convolutional neural network used in the case of AlphaFold 1. DALL.E & CLIP. In January this year, OpenAI released a Transformer based text-to-image engine called DALL.E, which is essentially a visual idea generator. With the text prompt as an input, it generates images to match the prompt. Jan 26, 2021 · Deep Neural Networks can learn linear and periodic components on their own, during training (we will use Time 2 Vec later). That said, I would advise against seasonal decomposition as a preprocessing step. Other decisions such as calculating aggregates and pairwise differences, depend on the nature of your data, and what you want to predict. Dec 30, 2022 · Liu JNK, Hu Y, You JJ, Chan PW (2014). Deep neural network based feature representation for weather forecasting.In: Proceedings on the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI), 1. Majhi B, Naidu D, Mishra AP, Satapathy SC (2020) Improved prediction of daily pan evaporation using Deep-LSTM model. Neural Comput Appl 32(12):7823 ... Mar 4, 2021 · 1. Background. Lets start with the two keywords, Transformers and Graphs, for a background. Transformers. Transformers [1] based neural networks are the most successful architectures for representation learning in Natural Language Processing (NLP) overcoming the bottlenecks of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) caused by the sequential processing. In this study, we propose a novel neural network model (DCoT) with depthwise convolution and Transformer encoders for EEG-based emotion recognition by exploring the dependence of emotion recognition on each EEG channel and visualizing the captured features. Then we conduct subject-dependent and subject-independent experiments on a benchmark ...Jul 20, 2021 · 6 Citations 25 Altmetric Metrics Abstract We developed a Transformer-based artificial neural approach to translate between SMILES and IUPAC chemical notations: Struct2IUPAC and IUPAC2Struct.... Pre-process the data. Initialize the HuggingFace tokenizer and model. Encode input data to get input IDs and attention masks. Build the full model architecture (integrating the HuggingFace model) Setup optimizer, metrics, and loss. Training. We will cover each of these steps — but focusing primarily on steps 2–4. 1.May 2, 2022 · In recent years, the transformer model has become one of the main highlights of advances in deep learning and deep neural networks. It is mainly used for advanced applications in natural language processing. Google is using it to enhance its search engine results. OpenAI has used transformers to create its famous GPT-2 and GPT-3 models. In this paper, we propose a transformer-based architecture, called two-stage transformer neural network (TSTNN) for end-to-end speech denoising in the time domain. The proposed model is composed of an encoder, a two-stage transformer module (TSTM), a masking module and a decoder. The encoder maps input noisy speech into feature representation. The TSTM exploits four stacked two-stage ...Mar 2, 2022 · TSTNN. This is an official PyTorch implementation of paper "TSTNN: Two-Stage Transformer based Neural Network for Speech Enhancement in Time Domain", which has been accepted by ICASSP 2021. More details will be showed soon! Once I began getting better at this Deep Learning thing, I stumbled upon the all-glorious transformer. The original paper: “Attention is all you need”, proposed an innovative way to construct neural networks. No more convolutions! The paper proposes an encoder-decoder neural network made up of repeated encoder and decoder blocks.Feb 21, 2019 · The recent Transformer neural network is considered to be good at extracting the global information by employing only self-attention mechanism. Thus, in this paper, we design a Transformer-based neural network for answer selection, where we deploy a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) behind the Transformer to acquire both global ... Jan 14, 2021 · To fully use the bilingual associative knowledge learned from the bilingual parallel corpus through the Transformer model, we propose a Transformer-based unified neural network for quality estimation (TUNQE) model, which is a combination of the bottleneck layer of the Transformer model with a bidirectional long short-term memory network (Bi ... a neural prediction framework based on the Transformer structure to model the relationship among the interacting agents and extract the attention of the target agent on the map waypoints. Specifically, we organize the interacting agents into a graph and utilize the multi-head attention Transformer encoder to extract the relations between them ...Conclusion of the three models. Although Transformer is proved as the best model to handle really long sequences, the RNN and CNN based model could still work very well or even better than Transformer in the short-sequences task. Like what is proposed in the paper of Xiaoyu et al. (2019) [4], a CNN based model could outperforms all other models ...A transformer model is a neural network that learns context and thus meaning by tracking relationships in sequential data like the words in this sentence. March 25, 2022 by Rick Merritt If you want to ride the next big wave in AI, grab a transformer. They’re not the shape-shifting toy robots on TV or the trash-can-sized tubs on telephone poles.Atom-bond transformer-based message-passing neural network Model architecture. The architecture of the proposed atom-bond Transformer-based message-passing neural network (ABT-MPNN) is shown in Fig. 1. As previously defined, the MPNN framework consists of a message-passing phase and a readout phase to aggregate local features to a global ...A transformer model is a neural network that learns context and thus meaning by tracking relationships in sequential data like the words in this sentence. March 25, 2022 by Rick Merritt If you want to ride the next big wave in AI, grab a transformer. They’re not the shape-shifting toy robots on TV or the trash-can-sized tubs on telephone poles.Jun 9, 2021 · In this work, an end-to-end deep learning framework based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for ECG signal processing and arrhythmia classification. In the framework, a transformer network is embedded in CNN to capture the temporal information of ECG signals and a new link constraint is introduced to the loss function to enhance ... Recurrent Neural networks try to achieve similar things, but because they suffer from short term memory. Transformers can be better especially if you want to encode or generate long sequences. Because of the transformer architecture, the natural language processing industry can achieve unprecedented results.The transformer is a component used in many neural network designs for processing sequential data, such as natural language text, genome sequences, sound signals or time series data. Most applications of transformer neural networks are in the area of natural language processing. mentioned problems, we proposed a dual-transformer based deep neural network named DTSyn (Dual-Transformer neural network predicting Synergistic pairs) for predicting po-tential drug synergies. As we all know, transformers [Vaswani et al., 2017] have been widely used in many computation areas including computer vision, natural language processingApr 3, 2020 · In this paper, a novel Transformer-based neural network (TBNN) model is proposed to deal with the processed sensor signals for tool wear estimation. It is observed from figure 3 that the proposed model is mainly composed of two parts, which are (1) encoder, and (2) decoder. Firstly, the raw multi-sensor data is processed by temporal feature ... We propose a novel recognition model which can effectively identify the vehicle colors. We skillfully interpolate the Transformer into recognition model to enhance the feature learning capacity of conventional neural networks, and specially design a hierarchical loss function through in-depth analysis of the proposed dataset. Sep 23, 2022 · Ravi et al. (2019) analyze the application of artificial neural networks, support vector machines, decision trees and plain Bayes in transformer fault diagnosis from the literature spanning 10 years. The authors point out that the development of new algorithms is necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy. Sep 5, 2022 · Vaswani et al. proposed a simple yet effective change to the Neural Machine Translation models. An excerpt from the paper best describes their proposal. We propose a new simple network architecture, the Transformer, based solely on attention mechanisms, dispensing with recurrence and convolutions entirely. The outputs of the self-attention layer are fed to a feed-forward neural network. The exact same feed-forward network is independently applied to each position. The decoder has both those layers, but between them is an attention layer that helps the decoder focus on relevant parts of the input sentence (similar what attention does in seq2seq ...Feb 10, 2020 · We present an attention-based neural network module, the Set Transformer, specifically designed to model interactions among elements in the input set. The model consists of an encoder and a decoder, both of which rely on attention mechanisms. In an effort to reduce computational complexity, we introduce an attention scheme inspired by inducing ... The first encoder-decoder models for translation were RNN-based, and introduced almost simultaneously in 2014 by Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder–Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation and Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks. The encoder-decoder framework in general refers to a situation in which one ...Once I began getting better at this Deep Learning thing, I stumbled upon the all-glorious transformer. The original paper: “Attention is all you need”, proposed an innovative way to construct neural networks. No more convolutions! The paper proposes an encoder-decoder neural network made up of repeated encoder and decoder blocks.with neural network models such as CNNs and RNNs. Up to date, no work introduces the Transformer to the task of stock movements prediction except us, and our model proves the Transformer improve the performance in the task of the stock movements prediction. The capsule network is also first introduced to solve theWith the development of self-attention, the RNN cells can be discarded entirely. Bundles of self-attention called multi-head attention along with feed-forward neural networks form the transformer, building state-of-the-art NLP models such as GPT-3, BERT, and many more to tackle many NLP tasks with excellent performance.Conclusion of the three models. Although Transformer is proved as the best model to handle really long sequences, the RNN and CNN based model could still work very well or even better than Transformer in the short-sequences task. Like what is proposed in the paper of Xiaoyu et al. (2019) [4], a CNN based model could outperforms all other models ...This characteristic allows the model to learn the context of a word based on all of its surroundings (left and right of the word). The chart below is a high-level description of the Transformer encoder. The input is a sequence of tokens, which are first embedded into vectors and then processed in the neural network.Neural networks, in particular recurrent neural networks (RNNs), are now at the core of the leading approaches to language understanding tasks such as language modeling, machine translation and question answering. In “ Attention Is All You Need ”, we introduce the Transformer, a novel neural network architecture based on a self-attention ...Bahrammirzaee (2010) demonstrated the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and expert systems to financial markets. Zhang and Zhou (2004) reviewed the current popular techniques for text data mining related to the stock market, mainly including genetic algorithms (GAs), rule-based systems, and neural networks (NNs). Meanwhile, a ...The Transformer. The architecture of the transformer also implements an encoder and decoder. However, as opposed to the architectures reviewed above, it does not rely on the use of recurrent neural networks. For this reason, this post will review this architecture and its variants separately.In this work, an end-to-end deep learning framework based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for ECG signal processing and arrhythmia classification. In the framework, a transformer network is embedded in CNN to capture the temporal information of ECG signals and a new link constraint is introduced to the loss function to enhance ...Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation is a fundamental task in the prognostic and health management (PHM) of industrial equipment and systems. To this end, we propose a novel approach for RUL estimation in this paper, based on deep neural architecture due to its great success in sequence learning. Specifically, we take the Transformer encoder as the backbone of our model to capture short- and ...Pre-process the data. Initialize the HuggingFace tokenizer and model. Encode input data to get input IDs and attention masks. Build the full model architecture (integrating the HuggingFace model) Setup optimizer, metrics, and loss. Training. We will cover each of these steps — but focusing primarily on steps 2–4. 1.This paper proposes a novel Transformer based deep neural network, ECG DETR, that performs arrhythmia detection on single-lead continuous ECG segments. By utilizing inter-heartbeat dependencies, our proposed scheme achieves competitive heartbeat positioning and classification performance compared with the existing works.We present an attention-based neural network module, the Set Transformer, specifically designed to model interactions among elements in the input set. The model consists of an encoder and a decoder, both of which rely on attention mechanisms. In an effort to reduce computational complexity, we introduce an attention scheme inspired by inducing ...The transformer is a component used in many neural network designs for processing sequential data, such as natural language text, genome sequences, sound signals or time series data. Most applications of transformer neural networks are in the area of natural language processing. Attention (machine learning) Machine learning -based attention is a mechanism mimicking cognitive attention. It calculates "soft" weights for each word, more precisely for its embedding, in the context window. It can do it either in parallel (such as in transformers) or sequentially (such as recursive neural networks ).Deep Neural Networks can learn linear and periodic components on their own, during training (we will use Time 2 Vec later). That said, I would advise against seasonal decomposition as a preprocessing step. Other decisions such as calculating aggregates and pairwise differences, depend on the nature of your data, and what you want to predict.We have made the following contributions to this paper: (i) A transformer neural network-based deep learning model (ECG-ViT) to solve the ECG classification problem (ii) Cascade distillation approach to reduce the complexity of the ECG-ViT classifier (iii) Testing and validating of the ECG-ViT model on FPGA. 2.Sep 14, 2021 · Predicting the behaviors of other agents on the road is critical for autonomous driving to ensure safety and efficiency. However, the challenging part is how to represent the social interactions between agents and output different possible trajectories with interpretability. In this paper, we introduce a neural prediction framework based on the Transformer structure to model the relationship ... Before the introduction of the Transformer model, the use of attention for neural machine translation was implemented by RNN-based encoder-decoder architectures. The Transformer model revolutionized the implementation of attention by dispensing with recurrence and convolutions and, alternatively, relying solely on a self-attention mechanism. We will first focus on the Transformer attention ...Recently, there has been a surge of Transformer-based solutions for the long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) task. Despite the growing performance over the past few years, we question the validity of this line of research in this work. Specifically, Transformers is arguably the most successful solution to extract the semantic correlations among the elements in a long sequence. However, in ...At the heart of the algorithm used here is a multimodal text-based autoregressive transformer architecture that builds a set of interaction graphs using deep multi-headed attention, which serve as the input for a deep graph convolutional neural network to form a nested transformer-graph architecture [Figs. 2(a) and 2(b)].With the development of self-attention, the RNN cells can be discarded entirely. Bundles of self-attention called multi-head attention along with feed-forward neural networks form the transformer, building state-of-the-art NLP models such as GPT-3, BERT, and many more to tackle many NLP tasks with excellent performance.Conclusion of the three models. Although Transformer is proved as the best model to handle really long sequences, the RNN and CNN based model could still work very well or even better than Transformer in the short-sequences task. Like what is proposed in the paper of Xiaoyu et al. (2019) [4], a CNN based model could outperforms all other models ...We propose a novel recognition model which can effectively identify the vehicle colors. We skillfully interpolate the Transformer into recognition model to enhance the feature learning capacity of conventional neural networks, and specially design a hierarchical loss function through in-depth analysis of the proposed dataset.Apr 3, 2020 · In this paper, a novel Transformer-based neural network (TBNN) model is proposed to deal with the processed sensor signals for tool wear estimation. It is observed from figure 3 that the proposed model is mainly composed of two parts, which are (1) encoder, and (2) decoder. Firstly, the raw multi-sensor data is processed by temporal feature ... Jun 10, 2021 · A hybrid deep network based on the convolutional neural network and long-term short-term memory network is proposed to extract and learn the spatial and temporal features of the MI signal ... Ravi et al. (2019) analyze the application of artificial neural networks, support vector machines, decision trees and plain Bayes in transformer fault diagnosis from the literature spanning 10 years. The authors point out that the development of new algorithms is necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy.Jul 31, 2022 · We have made the following contributions to this paper: (i) A transformer neural network-based deep learning model (ECG-ViT) to solve the ECG classification problem (ii) Cascade distillation approach to reduce the complexity of the ECG-ViT classifier (iii) Testing and validating of the ECG-ViT model on FPGA. 2. May 1, 2022 · This paper proposes a novel Transformer based deep neural network, ECG DETR, that performs arrhythmia detection on single-lead continuous ECG segments. By utilizing inter-heartbeat dependencies, our proposed scheme achieves competitive heartbeat positioning and classification performance compared with the existing works.
The transformer is a component used in many neural network designs for processing sequential data, such as natural language text, genome sequences, sound signals or time series data. Most applications of transformer neural networks are in the area of natural language processing.. Barkdull funeral home and crematory obituaries
Predicting the behaviors of other agents on the road is critical for autonomous driving to ensure safety and efficiency. However, the challenging part is how to represent the social interactions between agents and output different possible trajectories with interpretability. In this paper, we introduce a neural prediction framework based on the Transformer structure to model the relationship ...We propose a novel recognition model which can effectively identify the vehicle colors. We skillfully interpolate the Transformer into recognition model to enhance the feature learning capacity of conventional neural networks, and specially design a hierarchical loss function through in-depth analysis of the proposed dataset. In recent years, the transformer model has become one of the main highlights of advances in deep learning and deep neural networks. It is mainly used for advanced applications in natural language processing. Google is using it to enhance its search engine results. OpenAI has used transformers to create its famous GPT-2 and GPT-3 models.May 2, 2022 · In recent years, the transformer model has become one of the main highlights of advances in deep learning and deep neural networks. It is mainly used for advanced applications in natural language processing. Google is using it to enhance its search engine results. OpenAI has used transformers to create its famous GPT-2 and GPT-3 models. Oct 11, 2022 · With the development of self-attention, the RNN cells can be discarded entirely. Bundles of self-attention called multi-head attention along with feed-forward neural networks form the transformer, building state-of-the-art NLP models such as GPT-3, BERT, and many more to tackle many NLP tasks with excellent performance. In this paper, we propose a transformer-based architecture, called two-stage transformer neural network (TSTNN) for end-to-end speech denoising in the time domain. The proposed model is composed of an encoder, a two-stage transformer module (TSTM), a masking module and a decoder. The encoder maps input noisy speech into feature representation. The TSTM exploits four stacked two-stage ... Attention (machine learning) Machine learning -based attention is a mechanism mimicking cognitive attention. It calculates "soft" weights for each word, more precisely for its embedding, in the context window. It can do it either in parallel (such as in transformers) or sequentially (such as recursive neural networks ). Jul 6, 2020 · A Transformer is a neural network architecture that uses a self-attention mechanism, allowing the model to focus on the relevant parts of the time-series to improve prediction qualities. The self-attention mechanism consists of a Single-Head Attention and Multi-Head Attention layer. At the heart of the algorithm used here is a multimodal text-based autoregressive transformer architecture that builds a set of interaction graphs using deep multi-headed attention, which serve as the input for a deep graph convolutional neural network to form a nested transformer-graph architecture [Figs. 2(a) and 2(b)].Liu JNK, Hu Y, You JJ, Chan PW (2014). Deep neural network based feature representation for weather forecasting.In: Proceedings on the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI), 1. Majhi B, Naidu D, Mishra AP, Satapathy SC (2020) Improved prediction of daily pan evaporation using Deep-LSTM model. Neural Comput Appl 32(12):7823 ...Sep 14, 2021 · Predicting the behaviors of other agents on the road is critical for autonomous driving to ensure safety and efficiency. However, the challenging part is how to represent the social interactions between agents and output different possible trajectories with interpretability. In this paper, we introduce a neural prediction framework based on the Transformer structure to model the relationship ... Jan 6, 2023 · The number of sequential operations required by a recurrent layer is based on the sequence length, whereas this number remains constant for a self-attention layer. In convolutional neural networks, the kernel width directly affects the long-term dependencies that can be established between pairs of input and output positions. In this work, an end-to-end deep learning framework based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for ECG signal processing and arrhythmia classification. In the framework, a transformer network is embedded in CNN to capture the temporal information of ECG signals and a new link constraint is introduced to the loss function to enhance ....