Map of italy - Cinque Terre. #5 in Best Places to Visit in Italy. Cinque Terre, located on Italy's northern Ligurian coast, is made up of five picturesque towns – Manarola, Monterosso, Vernazza, Corniglia and ...

 
Art and Culture. Italy: a first-timer’s guide. Sep 4, 2023 • 8 min read. With its iconic monuments and irresistible food, Italy is one of Europe’s best destinations. But the possibilities can seem overwhelming. . Crainer

May 26, 2019 · Ciampino–G.B. Pastine International Airport (CIA) Location: Ciampino. Pros: Slightly closer to Rome's city center than FCO; not very crowded. Cons: Only services low-cost airlines Ryanair and Wizzair. Distance from the Pantheon: A taxi from the airport to downtown Rome costs a flat €44 and takes about 25 minutes without traffic. Aug 20, 2021 · Map of Italy-it.svg. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. File. File history. File usage on Commons. File usage on other wikis. Metadata. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 493 × 600 pixels. Other resolutions: 197 × 240 pixels | 394 × 480 pixels | 631 × 768 pixels | 842 × 1,024 pixels | 1,683 × 2,048 pixels | 3,245 ... Driving Directions to Italy including road conditions, live traffic updates, and reviews of local businesses along the way.Map of Italy. Collection of detailed maps of Italy. Political, administrative, road, physical, topographical, travel and other map of Italy. Cities of Italy on the maps. Download. Printable blank map of Italy. Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic. Download. Certainly, here's the information about the main features on a physical map of Italy presented in Markdown format with level 3 headlines to separate the paragraphs:Apr 13, 2020 · Map of Italy: Travel Guide. Italy ( Italian Republic ), is a peninsular state shaped like a boot as seen in the map of Italy with cities, located in the south-central part of Europe. It is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, which is divided into four smaller seas: Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Ligurian, and Ionian. Situated in Italy’s southwestern region of Campania, the Amalfi Coast is known for its extraordinary beauty that makes it one of Italy’s top tourist destinations. Stretching 30 miles along the southern side of the Sorrento Peninsula, the Amalfi Coast is prized for its picturesque coastline that features shimmering bays, craggy cliffs, lemon ...The newly revised map, with more than 400 links, helps you to discover the best places of the country which has the world’s best artistic and cultural heritage … and unquestionably the best cuisine. Population: 69.795.600. Area: 301.338 sq.Km. Official Language: Italian. Currency: €uro.18.5 x 13 inches. Condition: VG+. Stock#: 67437. Antique map showing Italy by Braun & Hogenberg made in 1572. $ 1,100.00. Add to Cart View Details Add to Wishlist. This Italy map site features printable maps and photos of Italy plus Italian travel and tourism links. Map of Italy The Italian Republic is located on a boot-shaped peninsula in southern Europe , bordered by France to the west, by Austria and Switzerland to the north, by Slovenia and the Adriatic Sea to the northeast, and by the Mediterranean ... Italy Map Italy Map. Source: Directorate of Intelligence, CIA See also: Sardinia map Italy Profile More Geographic Information. Country Profiles; Flags; World ...Printable Map of Italy. Click here to download a PDF Map of Italy suitable for printing on an A4 page. Also here is a simple map of Italy with the main cities indicated. We use cookies to personalize content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyze our traffic. We also share information about your use of our site with our social ...External Online Maps : Italy c.1494, from Shepherd's Historical Atlas 1923, posted by PCL UTexas. External Online Maps : Italy in the 15th and early 16th century, posted by Medieval History Sourcebook (Muir's Historical Atlas, 1911) External Online Maps : Europe 1400, Europe 1500, Europe 1600, from Periodical Historical Atlas. Download. Printable blank map of Italy. Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic. Download. Certainly, here's the information about the main features on a physical map of Italy presented in Markdown format with level 3 headlines to separate the paragraphs:Art and Culture. Italy: a first-timer’s guide. Sep 4, 2023 • 8 min read. With its iconic monuments and irresistible food, Italy is one of Europe’s best destinations. But the possibilities can seem overwhelming.Large detailed map of Italy. This map shows cities, towns, highways, main roads, secondary roads, railroads, airports, seaports in Italy. Go back to see more maps of Italy. .Our first map shows you how big Italy is compared to the U.S. The second is interactive; it allows you to find the direct distance between any two points on a map of Italy. The Hilltowns map shows the distances between 25 top Tuscan hilltowns. The cities map shows the top cities to visit on a large, detailed map of Italy and the regions map is ...2 days ago · Geographical and historical treatment of Italy, including maps and a survey of its people, economy, and government. Italy comprises some of the most varied and scenic landscapes on Earth, and its more than 3,000-year history has been marked by episodes of temporary unification and long separation. Aug 31, 2023 · Situated in Italy’s southwestern region of Campania, the Amalfi Coast is known for its extraordinary beauty that makes it one of Italy’s top tourist destinations. Stretching 30 miles along the southern side of the Sorrento Peninsula, the Amalfi Coast is prized for its picturesque coastline that features shimmering bays, craggy cliffs, lemon ... Maps of Italy. Italy maps; Cities; Islands; Regions; Ski Resorts; Mappa d'Italia; Cities of Italy. Rome; Venice; Florence; Milan; Genoa; Naples; Verona; Bari; Bologna; Como; Pisa; Siena; Trieste; Rimini; Syracuse; Turin; Bergamo; Cities of Italy. Padova; Palermo; Catania; Lecce; Livorno; Parma; Perugia; Ancona; Lucca; Matera; Modena; Olbia ... This map of Italy will allow you to orient yourself in Italy in Europe. The Italy map is downloadable in PDF, printable and free. Italy is located in Southern Europe, it is a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia as its shown in Italy map. The terrain of Italy is mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains ...Driving Directions to Italy including road conditions, live traffic updates, and reviews of local businesses along the way.The Italy political map shows regions and provinces of Italy. This administrative map of Italy will allow you to show regions, administrative borders and cities of Italy in Europe. The Italy political map is downloadable in PDF, printable and free. Italy has been a unitary parliamentary republic since 2 June 1946, when the monarchy was ...This Italy map site features printable maps and photos of Italy plus Italian travel and tourism links. Map of Italy The Italian Republic is located on a boot-shaped peninsula in southern Europe , bordered by France to the west, by Austria and Switzerland to the north, by Slovenia and the Adriatic Sea to the northeast, and by the Mediterranean ... Outline Map. Key Facts. Flag. Switzerland, a small landlocked country, covers an area of 41,285 sq. km in Europe. The country is famous across the world for its picturesque landscapes. As observed on the physical map above, it is a highly mountainous nation covering nearly 60% of the country's area. The Alpine ranges lie to the south and the ...Genoa (Genova), in Liguria on the northwest coast of Italy, is Italy principal seaport as its shown in Italy map cities and towns. Genoa has a fascinating modern aquarium, an interesting port area, and a historic center said to be the largest medieval quarter in Europe, with a wealth of churches, palaces, and museums. Brescia Italy Map. Brescia Italy Map shows Brescia situated at the heart of Itay. Brescia is the third largest industrial region of Italy. The city comprises medium or small industrial enterprises. The travel and tourism industry has also flourished well in areas surrounding the picturesque Alps, Lakes Garda, and Iseo. Cagliari Italy Map.In central Italy, the small city of Rome is even now winning its independence from Etruscan domination and becoming one of these new-fangled city-republics. It is from this time and place that one of the greatest empires in world history can trace its rise. Next map, Italy 200 BCE. Dig Deeper. The Etruscans The Rise of the Roman EmpireExplore Italy Using Google Earth: Google Earth is a free program from Google that allows you to explore satellite images showing the cities and landscapes of Italy and all of Europe in fantastic detail. It works on your desktop computer, tablet, or mobile phone. The images in many areas are detailed enough that you can see houses, vehicles and ...Aug 31, 2023 · Situated in Italy’s southwestern region of Campania, the Amalfi Coast is known for its extraordinary beauty that makes it one of Italy’s top tourist destinations. Stretching 30 miles along the southern side of the Sorrento Peninsula, the Amalfi Coast is prized for its picturesque coastline that features shimmering bays, craggy cliffs, lemon ... This Italy map site features printable maps and photos of Italy plus Italian travel and tourism links. Map of Italy The Italian Republic is located on a boot-shaped peninsula in southern Europe , bordered by France to the west, by Austria and Switzerland to the north, by Slovenia and the Adriatic Sea to the northeast, and by the Mediterranean ...Below is a map of the 20 Italian regions. Click or tap each region name to find out more about that region, and get a map of the top cities to visit to open in a new tab. Alternatively, you can use the drop-down menu on the upper right of the menu bar above. Italy Regions Map. Italy's twenty regions are outlined in gray on the map. This map of Italy will allow you to orient yourself in Italy in Europe. The Italy map is downloadable in PDF, printable and free. Italy is located in Southern Europe, it is a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia as its shown in Italy map. The terrain of Italy is mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains ... Italy map of blue dots on white background Map of Italy made with round blue dots on a blank background. Original mosaic illustration. Vector Illustration (EPS10, well layered and grouped). Easy to edit, manipulate, resize or colorize. Find any address on the map of Italia or calculate your itinerary to and from Italia, find all the tourist attractions and Michelin Guide restaurants in Italia. The ViaMichelin map of Italia: get the famous Michelin maps, the result of more than a century of mapping experience. Rome - Albano Laziale Route.This map shows tourist attractions and sightseeings in Italy. Go back to see more maps of Italy. . Sep 5, 2023 · Background. Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat ... Apr 1, 2023 · South Italy as part of the Byzantine Empire under Basil II, c. 1025. Italy in early 1494, before the invasion of Charles VIII of France. Area ruled by the Spanish king around 1580 on a map showing modern-day state borders. A political map of Italy in 1796. A political map of Italy in 1810. Download. Printable blank map of Italy. Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic. Download. Certainly, here's the information about the main features on a physical map of Italy presented in Markdown format with level 3 headlines to separate the paragraphs: The map provides the labels for the cities so as to provide the ultimate ease to the enthusiasts. They can easily learn about the geographic location of any country over the map of Italy. Labeled Italy Map with Capital. Well, just like any other country the province of Labeled Map of Italy also has its own capitals.Italy is located in South-central Europe on the Apennine Peninsula. It is positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Italy shares its borders with Switzerland and Austria in the north, with Slovenia in the northeast and with France in the northwest.Map of Italy-it.svg. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. File. File history. File usage on Commons. File usage on other wikis. Metadata. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 493 × 600 pixels. Other resolutions: 197 × 240 pixels | 394 × 480 pixels | 631 × 768 pixels | 842 × 1,024 pixels | 1,683 × 2,048 pixels | 3,245 ...Driving Directions to Italy including road conditions, live traffic updates, and reviews of local businesses along the way.Brescia Italy Map. Brescia Italy Map shows Brescia situated at the heart of Itay. Brescia is the third largest industrial region of Italy. The city comprises medium or small industrial enterprises. The travel and tourism industry has also flourished well in areas surrounding the picturesque Alps, Lakes Garda, and Iseo. Cagliari Italy Map.The first regions of Italy map is in English and the second one has the labels in Italian. Most region names like Umbria or Liguria are the same in English and Italian. Others change, such as Lombardy, Piedmont and Apulia, although in the latter case many English speakers do use the Italian name of the region: Puglia.In central Italy, the small city of Rome is even now winning its independence from Etruscan domination and becoming one of these new-fangled city-republics. It is from this time and place that one of the greatest empires in world history can trace its rise. Next map, Italy 200 BCE. Dig Deeper. The Etruscans The Rise of the Roman EmpireItaly on world map shows the location of Italy in atlas. Italy world map will allow you to easily know where is Italy in the world map. The Italy in the world map is downloadable in PDF, printable and free. With 60.6 million inhabitants, Italy ranks the 23rd most populous in the world. Modern Italy is a democratic republic. Aug 27, 2015 - Below is a map of Italy that shows the borders of each of the 20 regions in the country. Aug 27, 2015 - Below is a map of Italy that shows the borders ... Art and Culture. Italy: a first-timer’s guide. Sep 4, 2023 • 8 min read. With its iconic monuments and irresistible food, Italy is one of Europe’s best destinations. But the possibilities can seem overwhelming.Map of Italy. About Italy Map - This free to download map shows major cities, road network, important airports, national parks, mountain peaks, lakes, ports, and international boundaries. Major cities depicted on the map include Sicily, Naples, Venice, Rome, Milan, Bologna, Siena, Verona, and Florence. This colorful map of Italy also shows ... Art and Culture. Italy: a first-timer’s guide. Sep 4, 2023 • 8 min read. With its iconic monuments and irresistible food, Italy is one of Europe’s best destinations. But the possibilities can seem overwhelming. Feb 25, 2021 · Outline Map. Key Facts. Flag. Croatia is a European country occupying an area of 56,594 km2 (21,851 sq mi). As observed on the physical map of Croatia, despite its relatively small size, the landscape is considerably diverse. It is made up of fertile and mostly flat plains in the north, and low mountains and highlands along the coast. Italy covers an area of 301,340 km 2 (116,350 sq mi), [3] with a population of about 60 million; [22] it is the tenth-largest country by land area in the European continent and the third-most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is Rome .Art and Culture. Italy: a first-timer’s guide. Sep 4, 2023 • 8 min read. With its iconic monuments and irresistible food, Italy is one of Europe’s best destinations. But the possibilities can seem overwhelming.Large detailed map of Italy. This map shows cities, towns, highways, main roads, secondary roads, railroads, airports, seaports in Italy. Go back to see more maps of Italy. .Feb 25, 2021 · Outline Map. Key Facts. Flag. Croatia is a European country occupying an area of 56,594 km2 (21,851 sq mi). As observed on the physical map of Croatia, despite its relatively small size, the landscape is considerably diverse. It is made up of fertile and mostly flat plains in the north, and low mountains and highlands along the coast. 18.5 x 13 inches. Condition: VG+. Stock#: 67437. Antique map showing Italy by Braun & Hogenberg made in 1572. $ 1,100.00. Add to Cart View Details Add to Wishlist.Art and Culture. Italy: a first-timer’s guide. Sep 4, 2023 • 8 min read. With its iconic monuments and irresistible food, Italy is one of Europe’s best destinations. But the possibilities can seem overwhelming.Italy Map - Hand drawn map of Italy with the capital Rome, the Vatican and San Marino, national borders, most important cities, rivers and lakes. Vector illustration with english labeling and scale. Simple map of Italy isolated on white background. Download. Printable blank map of Italy. Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic. Download. Certainly, here's the information about the main features on a physical map of Italy presented in Markdown format with level 3 headlines to separate the paragraphs:Sep 5, 2023 · Background. Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat ... In this case the political boundaries of Italy, countries, important Italian cities and capitals are presented. The following map of Italy can be downloaded here in good quality. Italy Political Map – Option 1. Italy Political map – Option 2. Either here you have the political map of Italy in PDF or you can the second version of the map here.Sep 5, 2023 · Background. Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat ... Our first map shows you how big Italy is compared to the U.S. The second is interactive; it allows you to find the direct distance between any two points on a map of Italy. The Hilltowns map shows the distances between 25 top Tuscan hilltowns. The cities map shows the top cities to visit on a large, detailed map of Italy and the regions map is ... Italy is located in South-central Europe on the Apennine Peninsula. It is positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Italy shares its borders with Switzerland and Austria in the north, with Slovenia in the northeast and with France in the northwest.Use this free printable map of Italy to help you plan your trip to Italy, to use for a school project, or just hang it up on the wall and daydream about where you’d like to go in Italy! The free printable map is available in black & white and color versions. BLACK & WHITE VERSION: Click on the map to open the high-quality, printable PDF in ...Find any address on the map of Italia or calculate your itinerary to and from Italia, find all the tourist attractions and Michelin Guide restaurants in Italia. The ViaMichelin map of Italia: get the famous Michelin maps, the result of more than a century of mapping experience. Rome - Albano Laziale Route.Italy Map - Hand drawn map of Italy with the capital Rome, the Vatican and San Marino, national borders, most important cities, rivers and lakes. Vector illustration with english labeling and scale. Simple map of Italy isolated on white background. The newly revised map, with more than 400 links, helps you to discover the best places of the country which has the world’s best artistic and cultural heritage … and unquestionably the best cuisine. Population: 69.795.600. Area: 301.338 sq.Km. Official Language: Italian. Currency: €uro. Aug 8, 2022 · Description : Italy Tourist Map showing all the major places to visit in Italy. 0. Surrounded by the Alps, Dolomite, and the Seas, Italy’s location makes it one of the most beautiful countries in the world. The ideal warm climate makes it a perfect destination for tourists all over the world. Know all the do’s and don’ts to enjoy a hassle ... Explore Italy Using Google Earth: Google Earth is a free program from Google that allows you to explore satellite images showing the cities and landscapes of Italy and all of Europe in fantastic detail. It works on your desktop computer, tablet, or mobile phone. The images in many areas are detailed enough that you can see houses, vehicles and ...Freytag-Berndt Italy road map, travel, tourist detailed, driving, street. Scale 1:600,000. Size 34"x46". Printed on both sides. This is our very best large-scale road map. Fully indexed. Beautiful, easy-to-read cartography. Includes detailed city street plans for Florence, Milan, Naples, Rome, and Venice. The center of Italy is located at 41.87 degrees North latitude and 12.57 degrees East longitude. Reset the Map. In northeast Italy, the city of Venice is well-known for its romantic labyrinth of waterways. It encompasses 117 small islands in the Venetian lagoon which are connected by over 400 bridges and surrounded by 177 canals.Apr 24, 2014 - Cities in Italy - Italy has a rich history which reflects in every city one visits. Some of the most famous cities of the country are Rome, Milan, Naples, Turin etc. Italy on world map shows the location of Italy in atlas. Italy world map will allow you to easily know where is Italy in the world map. The Italy in the world map is downloadable in PDF, printable and free. With 60.6 million inhabitants, Italy ranks the 23rd most populous in the world. Modern Italy is a democratic republic.Art and Culture. Italy: a first-timer’s guide. Sep 4, 2023 • 8 min read. With its iconic monuments and irresistible food, Italy is one of Europe’s best destinations. But the possibilities can seem overwhelming. Find any address on the map of Italia or calculate your itinerary to and from Italia, find all the tourist attractions and Michelin Guide restaurants in Italia. The ViaMichelin map of Italia: get the famous Michelin maps, the result of more than a century of mapping experience.External Online Maps : Italy c.1494, from Shepherd's Historical Atlas 1923, posted by PCL UTexas. External Online Maps : Italy in the 15th and early 16th century, posted by Medieval History Sourcebook (Muir's Historical Atlas, 1911) External Online Maps : Europe 1400, Europe 1500, Europe 1600, from Periodical Historical Atlas. At Italy Provinces Map page, view political map of Italy, physical maps, Italy touristic map, satellite images, driving direction, major cities traffic map, Italy atlas, auto routes, google street views, terrain, country national population, energy resources maps, cities map, regional household incomes and statistics maps. Content Detail. The center of Italy is located at 41.87 degrees North latitude and 12.57 degrees East longitude. Reset the Map. In northeast Italy, the city of Venice is well-known for its romantic labyrinth of waterways. It encompasses 117 small islands in the Venetian lagoon which are connected by over 400 bridges and surrounded by 177 canals. Mar 1, 2018 · A map showing Italy and its neighbors. Italy is one of the largest European countries in the Mediterranean and has a land border that stretches 1,116 miles in length. France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia are the four countries that share a land border with Italy.

Map of Italy-it.svg. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. File. File history. File usage on Commons. File usage on other wikis. Metadata. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 493 × 600 pixels. Other resolutions: 197 × 240 pixels | 394 × 480 pixels | 631 × 768 pixels | 842 × 1,024 pixels | 1,683 × 2,048 pixels | 3,245 .... Pandora

map of italy

18.5 x 13 inches. Condition: VG+. Stock#: 67437. Antique map showing Italy by Braun & Hogenberg made in 1572. $ 1,100.00. Add to Cart View Details Add to Wishlist.18.5 x 13 inches. Condition: VG+. Stock#: 67437. Antique map showing Italy by Braun & Hogenberg made in 1572. $ 1,100.00. Add to Cart View Details Add to Wishlist.Aug 8, 2022 · Description : Italy Tourist Map showing all the major places to visit in Italy. 0. Surrounded by the Alps, Dolomite, and the Seas, Italy’s location makes it one of the most beautiful countries in the world. The ideal warm climate makes it a perfect destination for tourists all over the world. Know all the do’s and don’ts to enjoy a hassle ... In central Italy, the small city of Rome is even now winning its independence from Etruscan domination and becoming one of these new-fangled city-republics. It is from this time and place that one of the greatest empires in world history can trace its rise. Next map, Italy 200 BCE. Dig Deeper. The Etruscans The Rise of the Roman EmpireMaps of Italy. Italy maps; Cities; Islands; Regions; Ski Resorts; Mappa d'Italia; Cities of Italy. Rome; Venice; Florence; Milan; Genoa; Naples; Verona; Bari; Bologna; Como; Pisa; Siena; Trieste; Rimini; Syracuse; Turin; Bergamo; Cities of Italy. Padova; Palermo; Catania; Lecce; Livorno; Parma; Perugia; Ancona; Lucca; Matera; Modena; Olbia ... Map of Italy. About Italy Map - This free to download map shows major cities, road network, important airports, national parks, mountain peaks, lakes, ports, and international boundaries. Major cities depicted on the map include Sicily, Naples, Venice, Rome, Milan, Bologna, Siena, Verona, and Florence. This colorful map of Italy also shows ...Art and Culture. Italy: a first-timer’s guide. Sep 4, 2023 • 8 min read. With its iconic monuments and irresistible food, Italy is one of Europe’s best destinations. But the possibilities can seem overwhelming. This map shows tourist attractions and sightseeings in Italy. Go back to see more maps of Italy. . Feb 24, 2021 · Outline Map. Key Facts. Flag. Switzerland, a small landlocked country, covers an area of 41,285 sq. km in Europe. The country is famous across the world for its picturesque landscapes. As observed on the physical map above, it is a highly mountainous nation covering nearly 60% of the country's area. The Alpine ranges lie to the south and the ... The center of Italy is located at 41.87 degrees North latitude and 12.57 degrees East longitude. Reset the Map. In northeast Italy, the city of Venice is well-known for its romantic labyrinth of waterways. It encompasses 117 small islands in the Venetian lagoon which are connected by over 400 bridges and surrounded by 177 canals. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. Maps of Italy. Italy maps; Cities; Islands; Regions; Ski Resorts; Mappa d'Italia; Cities of Italy. Rome; Venice; Florence; Milan; Genoa; Naples; Verona; Bari; Bologna; Como; Pisa; Siena; Trieste; Rimini; Syracuse; Turin; Bergamo; Cities of Italy. Padova; Palermo; Catania; Lecce; Livorno; Parma; Perugia; Ancona; Lucca; Matera; Modena; Olbia ... Description : Italy Tourist Map showing all the major places to visit in Italy. 0. Surrounded by the Alps, Dolomite, and the Seas, Italy’s location makes it one of the most beautiful countries in the world. The ideal warm climate makes it a perfect destination for tourists all over the world. Know all the do’s and don’ts to enjoy a hassle ....

Popular Topics